Features & Benefits references

The following published clinical studies and scientific papers have shown features and benefits of the CARMEDA® BioActive Surface:


1) Olsson P, Sanchez J, Mollnes TE, et al. On the blood compatibility of end-point immobilized heparin.

J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2000, 11(11): 1261-1273


2) Weber N, Wendel HP, Ziemer G, et al. Hemocompatibility of heparin-coated surfaces and the role of selective plasma protein adsorption.

Biomaterials 2002, 23(2): 429-439


3) Pasche B, Kodama K, Larm O, et al. Thrombin inactivation on surfaces with covalently bonded heparin.

Thromb Res 1986, 44(6): 739-748


4) Kodama K, Pasche B, Olsson P, et al. Antithrombin III binding to surface immobilized heparin and its relation to FXa inhibition.

Thromb Haemost 1987, 58(4): 1064-1067


5) Sanchez J, Elgue G, Riesenfeld J, et al. Control of contact activation on end-point immobilized heparin: the role of antithrombin and the specific antithrombin-binding sequence.

J Biomed Mater Res 1995, 29(5): 655-661


6) Sanchez J, Elgue G, Riesenfeld J, et al. Studies of adsorption, activation, and inhibition of factor XII on immobilized heparin.

Thromb Res 1998, 89(1): 41-50


7) Begovac PC, Thomson RC, Fisher JL, et al. Improvements in GORE-TEX® Vascular Graft performance by Carmeda® BioActive Surface heparin immobilization. 

Eur J of Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003 25(5): 432-437.


8) Freeman J, Chen A, Weinberg RJ, et al. Sustained thromboresistant bioactivity with reduced intimal hyperplasia of heparin-bonded PTFE Propaten Graft in a chronic canine femoral artery bypass model. 

Ann Vasc Surg 2018, 49: 295-303


9) Mottaghy K, Oedekoven B, Pöppel K, et al. Heparin-coated versus non-coated surfaces for extracorporeal circulation.

Int J Artif Organs 1991, 14(11): 721-728


10) Øvrum E, Tangen G, Tølløfsrud S, et al. Heparinized cardiopulmonary bypass circuits and low systemic anticoagulation: An analysis of nearly 6000 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011, 141(5): 1145-1149 


11) Mollnes TE, Videm V, Christiansen D, et al. Platelet compatibility of an artificial surface modified with functionally active heparin.

Thromb Haemost 1999, 82(3): 1132-1136


12) Kocsis JF, Llanos G, Holmer E. Heparin-coated stents.

J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2000, 10(1-2): 19-45


13) Lin PH, Bush RL, Yao Q, et al. Evaluation of platelet deposition and neointimal hyperplasia of heparin-coated small-caliber ePTFE grafts in a canine femoral artery bypass model.

J Surg Res 2004, 118(1): 45-52


14) Fukutomi M, Kobayashi S, Niwaya K, et al. Changes in platelet, granulocyte, and complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass using heparin-coated equipment.

Artif Organs 1996, 20(7): 767-776


15) Gurbel PA, Bliden KP. Platelet activation after stenting with heparin-coated versus noncoated stents.

Am Heart J 2003, 146(4): E10


16) Mollnes TE, Riesenfeld J, Garred P, et al. A new model for evaluation of biocompatibility: combined determination of neoepitopes in blood and on artificial surfaces demonstrates reduced complement activation by immobilization of heparin. 

Artif Organs 1995, 19(9): 909-917


17) Kopp R, Mottaghy K, Kirschfink M. Mechanism of complement activation during extracorporeal blood-biomaterial interaction: effects of heparin coated and uncoated surfaces. 

ASAIO J 2002, 48(6): 598-605


18) Lappegård KT, Fung M, Bergseth G, et al. Effect of complement inhibition and heparin coating on artificial surface-induced leukocyte and platelet activation. 

Ann Thorac Surg 2004, 77(3): 932-941


19) Lappegård KT, Bergseth G, Riesenfeld J, et al. The artificial surface-induced whole blood inflammatory reaction revealed by increases in a series of chemokines and growth factors is largely complement dependent. 

J Biomed Mater Res A 2008, 87(1): 129-135


20) Fosse E, Moen O, Johnson E, et al. Reduced complement and granulocyte activation with heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass.

Ann Thorac Surg 1994, 58(2): 472-477


21) Appelgren P, Ransjö U, Bindslev L, et al. Surface heparinization of central venous catheters reduces microbial colonization in vitro and in vivo: results from a prospective, randomized trial.

Crit Care Med 1996, 24(9): 1482-1489


22) Jain G, Allon M, Saddekni S, et al. Does heparin coating improve patency or reduce infection of tunneled dialysis catheters?

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 4(11): 1787-1790


23) Lin PH, Chen C, Bush RL, et al. Small-caliber heparin-coated ePTFE grafts reduce platelet deposition and neointimal hyperplasia in a baboon model. 

J Vasc Surg 2004, 39(6): 1322-1328


24) Riesenfeld J, Ries D, Hetzer R. Analysis of the heparin coating of an EXCOR Ventricular Assist Device after 855 days in a patient. 

Society for Biomaterials Transactions of the 32rd annual meeting 2007, (85)


25) Begovac PC, Thomson RC, Fisher JL, et al. Improvements in GORE-TEX Vascular Graft Performance by Carmeda BioActive Surface Heparin Immobilization.

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003, 25(5): 432-437


26) Werkkala K, Jokkinen JJ, Soininen L, et al. Clinical durability of the CARMEDA BioActive Surface in EXCOR ventricular assist device pumps. 

ASAIO J 2016, 62(2): 139-142


27) Hårdhammar PA, van Beusekom HM, Emanuelsson HU, et al. Reduction in thrombotic events with heparin-coated Palmaz-Schatz stents in normal porcine coronary arteries.

Circulation 1996, 93(3): 423-430


28) Kaufmann E, Hennig M, Loebe, et al. Improving the antithrombogenity of artificial surfaces through heparin coating - Clinical experience with the pneumatic extracorporeal Berlin Heart assist device. 

Cardiovascular Engineering 1996, 1(1): 40-44


29) Samson RH, Morales R, Showalter DP, et al. Heparin-bonded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene femoropopliteal bypass grafts outperform expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts without heparin in a long-term comparison. 

J Vasc Surg 2016, 64(3): 638-647


30) Lindholt JS, Gottschalksen B, Johannesen N, et al. The Scandinavian Propaten® trial - 1-year patency of PTFE vascular prostheses with heparin-bonded luminal surfaces compared to ordinary pure PTFE vascular prostheses - a randomised clinical controlled multi-centre trial. 

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011, 41(5): 668-673


31) Ashfaq A, Soroya MS, Iyengar A, Federman M, Reemtsen BL. Heparin-coated grafts reduce mortality in pediatric patients receiving systemic-to-pulmonary shunts. 

Pediatr Cardiol 2018, Jan 13. Epub ahead of print


32) Gupta V, Aravamuthan BR, Baskerville S, et al. Reduction of subacute stent thrombosis (SAT) using heparin-coated stents in a large-scale, real world registry. 

J Invasive Cardiol 2004, 16(6): 304-310


33) Gore S, Andersson J, Biran R, et al. Heparin surfaces: Impact of immobilization chemistry on hemocompatibility and protein adsorption. 

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014, 102(8): 1817-1824


34) Biran R, Pond D. Heparin coatings for improving blood compatibility of medical devices. 

Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017, Mar 112: 12-23